Why Nietzsche is a Destiny: Epicurean Themes in Ecce Homo

Works Cited

Acampora, C. Contesting Nietzsche. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013.
Annas, J. The Morality of Happiness. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Ansell-Pearson, K. “Heroic-Idyllic Philosophizing: Nietzsche and the Epicurean Tradition.” Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement, 74, 2014, 237-263.
— “True to the Earth: Nietzsche’s Epicurean Care of Self and World,” in Nietzsche’s Therapeutic Teaching: For Individuals and Culture, eds. Horst Hutter and Eli Friedland. Bloomsbury Academic (Reprint Edition), 2015, 97-116.
Bertram, E. Nietzsche: Attempt at a Mythology. Trans. Robert E Norton. Urbana and Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2009.
Conway, D. “Epicurus Avenged?” Pli: The Warwick Journal of Philosophy 1/2 (2016), 3-24.
Cooper, J. Pursuits of Wisdom: Six Ways of Life in Ancient Philosophy from Socrates to Plotinus. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012.
Diogenes Laërtius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers, Vol. II. Trans. R.D. Hicks. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1931.
Hadot, P. Philosophy As a Way of Life. Ed. and Intro, A. Davidson, trans. M. Chase. Malden, MA: Blackwell, 1995.
Havas, R. Nietzsche’s Genealogy: Nihilism and the Will to Knowledge. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1995.
Jensen, A. Nietzsche’s Philosophy of History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2013.
Konstan, D. “Epicurus”, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2016 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL = <https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2016/entries/epicurus/>
Loeb, P. The Death of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.
Meyer, S. Ancient Ethics: A Critical Introduction. London: Routledge, 2008.
Nehamas, A. Nietzsche: Life as Literature. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1985.
Nietzsche, F. Sämtliche Werke: Kritische Studienausgabe in 15 Bänden, ed. G. Colli and M.
Montinari. Berlin: dtv/de Gruyter, 1980.
The Gay Science, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books,1974.
Thus Spoke Zarathustra, in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982.
Twilight of the Idols, in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982.
The Antichrist, in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982.
Daybreak, trans. R.J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
Human, All Too Human, trans. R.J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1989.
On the Genealogy of Morals, trans. Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale, and Ecce Homo, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1989.
Ecce Homo, trans. Duncan Large. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Nussbaum, M. The Therapy of Desire. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994.
Ridley, A. Nietzsche’s Conscience: Six Character Studies From the Genealogy. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1998.

[1]  My attention to the theme of exemplification (via embodiment) in Ecce Homo is indebted to the interpretation developed by Nehamas, Life as Literature, 192-99; and 230-34.
[2] Nietzsche, F. On the Genealogy of Morals, trans. Walter Kaufmann and R.J. Hollingdale, and Ecce Homo, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1989.
[3]   See Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life, 271-75; and Ansell-Pearson, “True to the Earth,” 101-09.
[4]   See Ansell-Pearson, “True to the Earth,” 99-101; and Ansell-Pearson, “Heroic-Idyllic Philosophizing,” 253-59.
[5]  Nietzsche, F. Human, All Too Human, trans. R.J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.
[6]   Nietzsche, F. The Antichrist, in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982.
[7]   See Conway, “Epicurus Avenged?,” 4-7.
[8]   I am indebted here to Jensen, Nietzsche’s Philosophy of History, 184-96.
[9]    See Acampora, Contesting Nietzsche, 43-49, 192-97.
[10]   Nietzsche, F. The Birth of Tragedy and The Case of Wagner, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1967.
[11]   Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 663-65. See also Konstan.
[12]   Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 663.
[13]   “Letter to Menoeceus,” Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 649-51. See also Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire, 251-57.
[14]   Here I follow Nehamas, Life as Literature, 231-34.
[15]   See Bertram, 286-88; and Hadot, Philosophy as a Way of Life, 165-70.
[16]   Nietzsche, F. The Gay Science, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1974.
[17]   Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 665. See Nussbaum, The Therapy of Desire, 192-201.
[18]   Nietzsche, F. Daybreak, trans. R.J. Hollingdale. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982.
[19]  Nietzsche, F. Twilight of the Idols, in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982.  Nietzsche, F. Thus Spoke Zarathustra, in The Portable Nietzsche, ed. and trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Viking Penguin, 1982.
[20]    Here I follow Loeb, The Death of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, 76-81.
[21]    See Conway, “Epicurus Avenged?,” 12-17.
[22]    See Conway, “Epicurus Avenged?,” 17-23.
[23]    See Havas, Nietzsche’s Genealogy, 166-73; and Ridley, Nietzsche’s Conscience, 135-42.
[24]    Nietzsche, F. Beyond Good and Evil: Prelude to a Philosophy of the Future, trans. Walter Kaufmann. New York: Random House/Vintage Books, 1989.
[25]   Here I follow Loeb, The Death of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, 38-41.
[26]   See Loeb, The Death of Nietzsche’s Zarathustra, 186-90.
[27]   Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 665.
[28]  Here I follow Cooper, Pursuits of Wisdom, 229-32. See also Annas, The Morality of Happiness, 236-48; and Meyer, Ancient Ethics, 98-99.
[29]   Meyer, Ancient Ethics, 98-99. See also Cooper, Pursuits of Wisdom, 229-41; and Annas, The Morality of Happiness, 188-92.
[30]   Here I prefer the Large translation of Ecce Homo. Kaufmann’s translation omits the final phrase.
[31]   See Ansell-Pearson, “Heroic-Idyllic Philosophizing,” 258-60.
[32]   Diogenes Laërtius, Lives of Eminent Philosophers, 665.
[33]   See Cooper, Pursuits of Wisdom, 245.
[34]    I am indebted here to Ridley, Nietzsche’s Conscience, 54-57.
[35]   Nehamas, Life as Literature, 194-99; 232-34. If we apply a minor tweak to the influential interpretation developed by Nehamas, substituting “life as narrative” for “life as literature,” the Epicurean provenance and therapeutic aim of Nietzsche’s project in Ecce Homo will emerge more fully.
[36]  I am grateful to Keith Ansell-Pearson for his comments on an earlier version of this essay.

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